Everything about The Ingrian Finns totally explained
The
Ingrian Finns (inkeriläinen or
inkerinsuomalainen) were the
Finnish rural
peasant population of
Ingria (now the central part of
Leningrad Oblast). In the
forced population transfers before and after
World War II they were relocated to other parts of the
Soviet Union. The Ingrian Finns still constitute the largest part of the Finnish population of the
Russian Federation. According to some records, some 25,000
Ingrian Finns have returned or still reside in the
Saint Petersburg region.
The Ingrian Finns originate mainly from the
Lutheran resettlers and work-migrants who resettled to Ingria during the period of
Swedish rule
1617–
1703 from
Savonia and
Karelian Isthmus (mostly from
Äyräpää), then parts of the
Swedish realm; and to lesser extent from more or less voluntary
conversion among the indigenous
Finnic speaking
Votes and
Izhorians were was approved by the Swedish authorities. The proportion of Finns in Ingria made up 41.1% in 1656, 53.2% in 1661, 55.2% in 1666, 56.9% in 1671 and 73.8% in 1695.
After the
Russian reconquest and the foundation of Saint Petersburg (1703), the flow of migration was reversed.
Russians nobles were granted land in Ingria and Lutheran Ingrian Finns left Ingria, where they were in minority, for
Old Finland, for example Russia's
18th century gains north of the
Gulf of Finland, where Lutherans were a large majority. There they assimilated with the
Karelian Finns.
In 1870, printing of the first Finnish language newspaper
Pietarin Sanomat started in Ingria. Before that Ingria received newspapers mostly from
Vyborg. The first public library was opened in 1850 in Tyrö. The largest of the libraries, situated in Skuoritsa, had more than 2,000 volumes in the second half of the 19th century. In 1899 the first song festival in Ingria was held in Puutosti (Skuoritsa). In April 1935 7,000 people (2,000 families) were deported from Ingria to Kazakhstan, Central Asia and the
Ural region. In May and June of 1936 the entire 20,000 Finnish population of the parishes of
Valkeasaari,
Lempaala,
Vuole and
Miikkulainen near the Finnish border were transferred to the area around
Cherepovets. In Ingria they were replaced with people from other parts of the
Soviet Union. mostly the younger generation, there are social integration problems similar to those of any other migrant groups in Europe, to such an extent that there's a political debate in Finland as to the maintenance of the
Finnish Law of Return.
Further Information
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